Social enterprises integrating Indian artisans into global supply chains

Abstract

India’s rich artisan heritage spanning textiles, metalwork, woodcraft and ceramics remains under‑utilised in international markets. In the past decade, social enterprises have emerged as a bridge, linking rural craft clusters with global buyers while pursuing inclusive development goals. This paper analyses the scale, mechanisms and outcomes of such integration, drawing on government reports, independent surveys and case‑study data (2022‑2024). Three objectives guide the inquiry: (1) to quantify the economic impact of social‑enterprise‑led artisan inclusion; (2) to examine the governance and supply‑chain models that enable market access; and (3) to assess socio‑economic outcomes for artisan households. A mixed‑methods design using secondary data analysis is employed. Findings reveal that social enterprises have enabled ≈ 4.2 million artisans to reach export markets, contributing an estimated US $5.8 billion in export earnings (≈ 7 % of India’s total craft exports). However, challenges persist in quality standardisation, financing and digital adoption. Policy recommendations stress the need for coordinated standards, scaling of shared logistics platforms and targeted credit schemes. The study contributes a data‑rich baseline for scholars and policymakers seeking to harness India’s craft sector for sustainable development.