Journal of Social Review and Development

Trajectory of rural asset creation: the efficacy of MGNREGA vs. Fund security vulnerability of VB G RAM G

Jyoti Atri — 2026-07-03

This study attempts to examine the impact of employment generation on asset creation using panel data regression under MGNREGA in Uttar Pradesh from 2014-15 to 2021-22. Regression results show a positive impact of labour days generation on asset creation under the scheme. The generation of more labour days leads to more asset creation. The regression results are also supported by the trends of employment generation and asset creation. This highlights that money spent on the scheme is not a waste of resources, and the scheme can very well achieve the twin objectives of employment generation and development of rural infrastructure. On the contrary, replacing MGNREGA with the new scheme VB-G-RAM-G may lead to less asset creation in rural areas in the absence of a guaranteed supply of funds.

Intersections of caste and gender: a systematic review of women’s literacy and employment disparities in India

Mamta — 2026-07-06

Women’s literacy and employment in India one of the major socio-economic challenges caste-based disparity that affecting. However significant progress has been made in improving educational access and increasing women’s participation in the workforce, inequalities continue to persist across caste groups. Women who belong to socially disadvantaged communities face multiple forms of rejection due to the combined effects of caste and gender. These inequalities influence access to education, skill development, employment opportunities, income generation, and overall socio-economic advancement. This study examines the extent and pattern of caste-based disparities in women’s literacy and employment with the objective of understanding how caste influences educational attainment and workforce participation among women. Secondary data sources such as census reports, government publications, labour force surveys, and published research studies are used to analyse trends and regional differences. Thus, women from historically marginalized caste groups generally experience lower literacy rates, reduced educational attainment and limited access to formal employment compared with women from socially advantaged groups. Findings revealed there are many factors that influence women literacy and employment such as early marriages, children’s burdens, safety concerns and mobility especially in work place and transport.

Impact of health infrastructure on under-five child mortality rates in Nigeria

Onyekwelu Chidimma Vera — 2026-07-08

The study examined the impact of health infrastructure on under-five child mortality rates in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to: determine the impact of stock of health practitioners on under-five child mortality in Nigeria; ascertain the impact of health immunization programme on under-five child mortality in Nigeria and assess the impact of hospital bed space on under-five child mortality in Nigeria. This study made use of ex-post-facto research design. The data analytical techniques were descriptive Statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root test and dynamic ordinary least square method (DOLS). These variables of the study consist of under-five-child (UFCM), stock of health practitioners (SHP), health immunization programme (HIP) and hospital bed space (HBS) were sourced from the CBN Statistical bulletin and World Bank database (WDI) from 1991 to 2025. The empirical result shows that stock of health practitioners have negative and significant impact under-five child mortality (t-statistic -2.1518< Sig-value; 0.05; P-value; 0.0445); health immunization programme has negative and significant impact under-five child mortality (t-statistic -2.8988 < Sig-value; 0.05; P-value; 0.0092) and hospital bed space has negative and significant impact under-five child mortality (t-statistic 17.5220 < Sig-value; 0.05; P-value; 0.0000). The study recommended that Nigeria government at all levels from the federal, state and local to massively invest in the provision of health infrastructure which is a strong viable means of reducing mortality incidence in Nigeria. Nigeria’s share of government expenditure to the health sector falls massively below the minimum standard of 16% as recommended by UNESCO for a developing country.

Reconceptualising sustainability and sustainable business practices in contemporary management

Kokila Negi — 2026-07-10

Sustainability has become an essential pillar of business strategy in the contemporary business landscape of globalisation. Businesses are increasingly expected to balance between economic performance alongside social responsibility and environmental stewardship to optimise long-run business growth and value creation for stakeholders. Sustainability is an integrated approach in business, which involves incorporating principles of environmental, social and governance (ESG) into business decisions and operations.

The present study highlights the role of sustainability and sustainable business practices as a multidimensional framework that includes environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and economic viability in improving corporate reputation, customer trust, brand loyalty, corporate efficiency and long-run competitive advantage. The present study also explore the rising significance of sustainability in consumer decision-making, as today’s consumers are more likely to choose companies that shows ethical behaviour and environmental responsibility.

Moreover, the strategic significance of sustainability in relation to current issues like climate change, scarcity of resources, government regulations, and stakeholder expectations are also discussed. It further provides directions on how to create and execute sustainable business strategies, such as engaging with stakeholders, adopting technology and technology-driven innovations, good governance, and circular economy practices.

Furthermore, the research highlights the key challenges to sustainability adoption, including implementation costs, lack of expertise, knowledge and resistance to change. The present study is based on the existing literature and real-life business illustrations and the authors conclude that sustainability is not only a moral duty, but also a strategic one, necessary for being resilient, profitable, and gaining a sustainable competitive advantage.

Evaluating students’ performance in the 10 bagless days program: Validation of a suggested framework

Prasenjit Pal — 2026-07-13

The Guidelines for 10 Bagless Days in school clearly specified that the program aims to provide students with experiential learning through exposure to different vocations connected with their culture and community. The central focus is to reduce the curriculum load and heavy reliance on examinations. Keeping these purposes in view, it is necessary to structure the linkage of objective, content, pedagogy, and evaluation in such a way that makes learning enjoyable. The present paper proposes a framework for evaluating students’ performance in the 10-bagless-days program. The framework of evaluation has been validated by a small-scale try-out. The activity for the 10 bagless days program was “A Day's Visit to Nagaland State Museum”. Presentation, Field trip, Demonstration, and Group discussion were used as a pedagogy of teaching and learning. 16 samples, including students of Class 6 to Class 8 from the middle stage school, were selected purposively as the sample of the study. A PowerPoint presentation, a movie presentation, and a field trip to the Nagaland State Museum were used to deliver the content. Predominantly, demonstration and group discussion were the pedagogical methods. The evaluation of learning outcomes was done by using a field test questionnaire, portfolio and rubrics of assessment. The tools were developed by the researcher and validated by 90 experts chosen purposively. The outcome is the development of a conceptual framework to evaluate students’ performance in the 10 bagless days program.