Journal of Social Review and Development

Effect of GST on inflation and economic growth in India with special references to food prices

Isht Jot Singh — 2026-04-01

The paper explores how Goods and Services Tax (GST) has shaped inflation and economic growth in India, concentrating it on what’s happened with food prices because of advent of GST. GST rolled out in July 2017, promising to simplify the messy indirect tax system, push people and businesses to follow the rules, reduce tax evasion and make the economy run smoother. Post implementation of GST, numbers show better tax collection and a move towards a more formal economy. Still, the story around inflation especially for food gets messy and changes a lot from one region to another. The paper closely investigates at how GST has changed the way of movement of food prices, separating out unprocessed foods (which don’t get taxed) from processed foods (which do). It unpacks the inflation that showed up during the transition— phase and all confusion over input tax credits. The research is a mix of analysis of existing data and digging into the new policy documents, with a special eye on places like Uttarakhand, where small food processors and informal shops are everywhere. The findings present a clear picture about the fact that, GST has helped making the economy more formal and globalised for the movement of goods to move between states. However, the low-income families and small food producers bore the brunt of the inflation in the short-run because of this tax reforms.

Learning strategies to improve students’ speaking skills at Islamic elementary school

Suprapti — 2026-04-01

This study aims to describe the learning strategies employed by teachers in developing students’ speaking skills at State Islamic Elementary School (MIN) 4 Baki Sukoharjo in the Academic Year 2024/2025. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with the fifth-grade Indonesian language teacher as the subject, and the principal and students as informants. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed through an interactive model. The findings reveal that teachers implemented a constructivist approach and group discussion methods to create engaging learning, foster students’ confidence, and gradually enhance their communication skills.

Human capital development indicators and poverty reduction in Nigeria

Esther Nkechi Okoro — 2026-04-07

The study determined the human capital development indicators and poverty reduction in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: ascertain the impact of government education expenditure on poverty reduction in Nigeria and determine the impact of out-of-pocket health expenditure on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The research design was ex post-facto method. The variables consist of government education expenditure, government health expenditure, out-of-pocket health expenditure, poverty is poverty head count ratio and tertiary school enrolment rate for the period of 1990 to 2024 as defined in our model specification. All the variables were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) statistical bulletin and World Bank Data indicator of the time scope. The pre-estimation statistics includes descriptive statistics, Correlation Matrix of the Variables, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root test statistic, Johansen Co-integration test. The estimation technique includes Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) while post-estimation technique involves Histogram Normality Test. The empirical results showed that government education expenditure has 62 percent positive and insignificant impact on poverty reduction (t-statistics; 1.157737; p-value; 0.0000 > Sig-value: 0.8766) and out-of-pocket health expenditure has 31 percent positive and significant impact on poverty reduction (t-statistics; 5.51927; p-value; 0.0000 > Sig-value: 0.005). The study recommended that Federal Ministry of Education, in collaboration with state governments, should implement scholarship programs that target low-income families. This can be accomplished by introducing transparent scholarship schemes that involve community-based organizations and educational institutions to identify deserving beneficiaries, ensuring that these opportunities are not monopolized by affluent individuals.

भारत में जैविक कृषि की वर्तमान प्रवृत्तियाँ, अवसर एवं चुनौतियाँ

सुषमा देवी — 2026-04-10

उपभोक्ता अपने स्वास्थ्य, पर्यावरण और स्थिरता के प्रति जिस तरह जागरूक हो रहे हैं उसी तरह जैविक उत्पादों की मांग बढ़ी है। जिसके कारण जैविक कृषि के प्रति किसानों के लिये नये अवसर सृजित हुये हैं। लेकिन इन अवसरों के साथ-साथ जैविक किसानों को कुछ चुनौतियों का भी सामना करना पड़ रहा है। भारत में जैविक उत्पादों का एक विशाल बाजार है। भारत सरकार जैविक कृषि को अपनाने के लिये किसानों को सब्सिडी भी प्रदान करती है। इन अवसरों के बावजूद जैविक कृषि के बारे में जागरूकता की कमी, प्रमाणन प्रक्रिया को लेकर भ्रम एवं कृषि में उपयोग होने वाले सामग्रियों की उच्च कीमत जैसे कुछ चुनौतियाँ भी हैं। इन चुनौतियों को कम करने के लिए सरकार से सहयोग व समर्थन के साथ-साथ जैविक उत्पादों के लिए सहायक मूल्य प्रदान करना, गोदाम सुविधाएँ उपलब्ध कराना, कृषकों को प्रमाणन प्रक्रिया और लोगों को इसके बारे में जागरूक करने की आवश्यकता है। प्रस्तुत शोध आलेख द्वितीयक आंकड़ों व तथ्यों पर आधारित है। इस अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य कृषकों को आधुनिक कृषि से जैविक कृषि में परिवर्तन के दौरान सामना किये गये अवसरों एवं चुनौतियों का विश्लेषण किया गया है।

Common sense and medical sciences: a sociological study

Subal Tandi — 2026-04-16

The relationship between common sense and medical sciences represents a critical yet often overlooked area of sociological inquiry. Common sense, shaped by everyday experiences, cultural beliefs, traditions, and social norms, plays a significant role in how individuals perceive health, illness, diagnosis, and treatment. Medical sciences, on the other hand, are grounded in scientific rationality, standardized knowledge, and evidence-based practices. This sociological study examines the interaction, tension, and coexistence between common sense knowledge and biomedical understanding in healthcare settings. It explores how patients’ lay interpretations of symptoms, illness causation, and healing practices influence health-seeking behavior, treatment compliance, and doctor–patient relationships. The study also analyzes how medical professionals respond to, negotiate with, or dismiss common-sense explanations during clinical encounters.
Drawing on sociological theories of knowledge, particularly the distinction between lay knowledge and expert systems, the study highlights how power, authority, and social context shape medical decision-making. It argues that common sense is not merely irrational or unscientific but socially constructed and culturally meaningful. In pluralistic societies like India, common sense often intersects with traditional medicine, religious beliefs, and indigenous healing practices, creating both complementarities and conflicts with modern medical science. The abstract emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive healthcare that recognizes patients’ lived experiences while maintaining scientific rigor. By bridging common sense and medical science, the study contributes to a more inclusive, humane, and socially responsive healthcare system.

Influence of mindfulness on emotional regulation and digital well-being among young adults: a quantitative study

Nishat Shaheen — 2026-04-20

The present study examined the influence of mindfulness on emotional regulation and digital well-being among young adults, with a focus on the mediating role of emotional regulation. A total of 200 young adults (100 males and 100 females) aged 18–28 years were selected using a purposive sampling technique, ensuring participants were active digital technology users. Standardized measures of mindfulness, emotional regulation, and digital well-being were administered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlation. The results revealed significant positive relationships between mindfulness, emotional regulation, and digital well-being. Females scored significantly higher than males on all three variables. Mindfulness was found to be a significant predictor of both emotional regulation and digital well-being. The findings suggest that mindfulness enhances digital well-being directly and indirectly by improving emotional regulation. The study highlights mindfulness as an important psychological resource for promoting emotional balance and healthy digital engagement among young adults.