Journal of Social Review and Development

Reimagining entrepreneurial skills for Viksit Bharat @2047

2026-06-13T06:58:46+00:00

Entrepreneurship has emerged as a key driver of employment generation, innovation, self-reliance, and inclusive economic development in India. As the country advances towards the vision of Viksit Bharat@2047, there is a growing need to redesign the entrepreneurial skilling ecosystem in accordance with changing technological, industrial, and market requirements. The traditional framework of entrepreneurial training is increasingly becoming inadequate in the context of Artificial Intelligence, Industry 4.0, digital platforms, and rapidly evolving employment structures. In this background, the present study examines the need for reimagining entrepreneurial skills and restructuring India’s skill infrastructure to create a future-ready and innovation-oriented workforce.

The study analyses the role of government initiatives, entrepreneurial training institutions, Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs), digital learning systems, and community-based skilling models in promoting entrepreneurship and employability. It further highlights major challenges such as low employability, inadequate industry alignment, limited access to advanced digital skills, weak market linkages, and insufficient opportunities for re-skilling and up-skilling. Special emphasis has been placed on rural entrepreneurship, women participation, localised skill development, practical training, and digital marketing mechanisms.

The paper is based on secondary data collected from government reports, policy documents, journals, and institutional publications. The study concludes that India requires a flexible, technology-oriented, industry-aligned, and inclusive entrepreneurial skilling framework capable of transforming youth from job seekers into job creators in line with the developmental vision of Viksit Bharat@2047.

From data to decisions: Understanding AI-driven consumer buying patterns in Chamoli district

2026-06-13T07:51:34+00:00

This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence-based digital tools in shaping consumer buying behaviour in the Chamoli District of Uttarakhand. With the increasing use of smartphones, internet services, online shopping platforms, and digital payment systems, consumers in semi-urban and hilly regions are gradually becoming exposed to AI-supported features such as product recommendations, personalized advertisements, and chatbot-based assistance. The research is based on primary data collected from 400 respondents. It focuses on how AI-enabled recommendations, personalization, consumer trust, and data privacy awareness influence purchase-related decisions. The findings indicate that AI-supported personalization and recommendation systems have a positive effect on consumer purchase behaviour. Trust strengthens this relationship, while privacy awareness affects the manner in which consumers respond to AI-driven marketing practices. The study further reveals that AI tools improve convenience and enhance the shopping experience, but concerns regarding excessive personalization, data misuse, and limited transparency may reduce consumer confidence. Therefore, the responsible use of AI, clear communication about data practices, and protection of consumer privacy are necessary for developing long-term trust in emerging digital markets such as Chamoli.

Youth dependency on FMCG food products and green marketing-driven transformation in India

2026-06-13T08:24:58+00:00

The increasing dependency of youth on Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) food products reflects significant changes in lifestyle, consumption patterns, and market dynamics in India. Alongside this trend, green marketing has emerged as an important strategy adopted by FMCG companies to promote environmentally responsible consumption and contribute to sustainable development. This study examines youth dependency on FMCG food products and analyses how green marketing practices are influencing consumption behaviour and driving market transformation in rural and urban areas of Uttarakhand. The research is descriptive and quantitative in nature and is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to youth respondents from selected rural and urban regions of Uttarakhand. A stratified sampling technique was employed to ensure balanced representation of both areas. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean scores, and comparative analysis were used to assess consumption frequency, dependency levels, awareness of green marketing practices, and their influence on purchase decisions.

The findings reveal a high level of dependency on FMCG food products among youth, with urban respondents exhibiting greater consumption frequency compared to rural youth. Green marketing elements such as eco-friendly packaging, organic ingredients, and environmental claims significantly influence youth purchase behaviour, particularly in urban areas. The study highlights noticeable rural–urban differences in awareness and perception of green marketing initiatives. The findings provide useful insights for marketers and policymakers to design effective green marketing strategies and promote sustainable consumption among Indian youth.

India’s path toward becoming a world leading economy: Opportunities, challenges, and the role of Aatmanirbhar Bharat

2026-06-13T10:39:39+00:00

In recent years, India has become one of the largest economy growth rates with structural reforms, growing domestic demand and digital transformation, policy efforts to enhance industrial capacity. Some of the research papers point out the fact that India is on its way to becoming a 5 trillion dollar economy, its rising performance in terms of GDP growth compared to other economies and its increasing role in international trade and investments. Meanwhile, researchers underline the presence of long-term socio-economic and structural limitations, which can influence sustainability. The aim of the current review paper is to discuss the opportunities of India becoming a leading economy in the world, discussing the main opportunities, the major challenges, and the role of the policy of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The paper is premised on systematic review of secondary literature, based on academic research articles, policy papers, and economic reports released in the period between the year 2009 and 2025.The review cites key drivers of growth which include population strength, digital advancement, manufacturing reform, and globalization. It also talks about issues such as unemployment, inequality, fiscal strains and infrastructure deficits. It is concluded in the paper that India has great potential of becoming global economic leader, however, it should continue with reforms, inclusive growth policies and proper implementation of self-reliance policies to achieve long-term success.

Impact of corporate social responsibility on perceived community well-being: The mediating role of awareness and trust

2026-06-13T11:07:30+00:00

Over the past number of years, CSR has come to be seen as a stakeholder-based model that is beyond the scope of philanthropy to produce wider social value. Even though previous research recognizes the potential of CSR efforts in improving community outcomes, mechanisms that underlie the impact of CSR in promoting community well-being have not been done extensively in a perception- based approach. This study analyses how perceived CSR initiatives affect the perceived community well-being through the use of awareness and trust. Using stakeholder theory along with existing literature on CSR perception, the study proposes a conceptual framework that mediates among CSR initiatives, awareness, trust, and perceived community well-being. The key assumption underlying the study is that CSR initiatives would have higher chances of improving the community's well-being when they are observable to stakeholders.

This study employs a quantitative method and relies on primary data to examine the population's perceptions of CSR initiatives, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study attempts to uncover how CSR initiatives can turn into positive perceptions of community well-being by concentrating on awareness as a cognitive mechanism and trust as an evaluative mechanism. The research shows that effective communication and trust-building strategies of CSR can increase the social impact of CSR activities. The research is especially pertinent within the frame of the long-term national development objectives like Viksit Bharat@2047, in which the contribution of the corporations to community development matters.

Financial literacy awareness and digital financial behaviour in Uttarakhand, India: A qualitative exploration

2026-06-13T11:31:02+00:00

Financial literacy is central to financial inclusion, digital participation and household-level economic security in emerging economies. This study examines financial literacy awareness and digital financial behaviour in Uttarakhand, India, through a qualitative research design. Drawing on 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews, the study identifies important variables shaping financial knowledge, awareness of public financial schemes, digital payment use, perceived online risk, socio-cultural influence and gender-based financial autonomy. The findings indicate that access to bank accounts and digital payment channels has expanded, but many individuals still hold only limited conceptual knowledge of loans, insurance, interest calculation, investment options and scheme procedures. Respondents also reported concerns about cyber fraud, OTP misuse and failed transactions, which reduce confidence in wider digital financial engagement. Family hierarchy and gender norms further shape financial decision-making, particularly for women, who often experience restricted financial independence. The study argues that financial inclusion programmes should move beyond account access and digital adoption towards practical financial education, cyber-safety awareness and gender-sensitive capacity-building. By presenting localised qualitative evidence from Uttarakhand, the study contributes to the literature on financial capability, digital inclusion and inclusive development in India.

Cultural diplomacy as an instrument of soft power in India’s foreign policy towards Kazakhstan

2026-06-13T12:11:24+00:00

Cultural diplomacy, which involves promoting Indian culture through exchanges, festivals, language, and education, plays a crucial role in India's strategy in Kazakhstan. This paper explores how India conveys its soft power in Kazakhstan through various cultural initiatives and evaluates their significance for bilateral relations. It focuses on India-Kazakhstan relations in a historical context, highlighting ancient contacts as well as the post-Soviet "Connect Central Asia" policy. The main sections of the paper focus on India's cultural institutions and programs aimed at Kazakhstan, such as the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), cultural centers, yoga initiatives, film screenings, and scholarship opportunities, all supported by embassy efforts. Recent examples of these cultural initiatives include the annual International Yoga Day celebrations, the "Festival of India" in Astana, and various bilateral music and arts festivals. Despite facing infrastructural and geographic challenges, India's cultural diplomacy has fostered goodwill in Kazakhstan. Bollywood films and Hindi music are widely appreciated, and Kazakh artists are increasingly engaging with Indian cultural events. The paper concludes that cultural diplomacy has become an essential component of India's soft power strategy in Kazakhstan, complementing economic and security cooperation.

ESG reporting and sustainable development: A study of top 10 Indian companies

2026-06-13T12:49:38+00:00

Companies across the world are now expected to be accountable not just for their profits, but also for how they manage their environmental impact, how they treat their people, and how transparent their governance is. This is what ESG Environmental, Social, and Governance reporting is about. In India, this became a formal regulatory requirement when SEBI introduced the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) framework in May 2021, making it mandatory from FY 2022-23 for the top 1,000 listed companies.

Analyzed the ESG performance of India's ten most valued companies by market capitalization – Infosys, TCS, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, SBI, Bajaj Finance, HUL, Bharti Airtel, Reliance Industries, and LIC – using CRISIL ESG ratings for FY 2024-25. The scores ranged from 76 (Infosys) to 53 (LIC), a gap of 23 points. Among sectors, Digital/IT companies averaged 75.0, Financial Services averaged 65.2, Manufacturing and Telecom averaged 60.5, and the Energy sector stood at 55.0. When the data was examined, the Governance score was the highest of the three pillars for all seven companies pillar-level data was available.

Evaluated that the sector of which a company belongs to is especially how carbon-intensive its business is, that plays a major role in determining its ESG score. IT firms score high partly because of the nature of their business, not just because they manage sustainability better. The Governance pillar emerged as the strongest pillar consistently, which ties directly to India's BRSR framework where governance disclosures are the most standardized and most verifiable. These findings are placed in the context of India's Viksit Bharat 2047 vision and the Panchamrit climate commitments made at COP26.

Impact of hybrid work model on employee productivity and engagement

2026-06-14T09:11:43+00:00

Unlike the traditional work environment, the 21^st century work culture is hybrid mode, ie combination of remote work arrangements with physical wok environment ie presence in office, the work strategy which has gained momentum after COVID 19 pandemic. This research paper examines whether hybrid work impacts productivity of employees to a considerable extent and if it has any linkage with employee engagement, focusing specifically on organizations operating in Uttarakhand, India. The study aims to understand how flexibility coupled with digital collaboration tools, keeping in mind the balance between work and life along with organizational support influence employee outcomes in hybrid settings.

The present research has been carried out using descriptive as well as analytical research design with the help of primary data gathered from 200 respondents, the data collection tool being structured questionnaires. Data analysis is based on Statistical instruments like analysis of the percentage, evaluation of mean scores along with empirical correlation analysis which helped in interpretation of data. Results are indicative of hybrid work influence on employee productivity improvement under effect of supportive factors like shortened commuting time, augmented autonomy combined with enhanced work-life balance. On the other hand, there are challenges which cannot be ignored example communication gaps, technological issues as well as lack of cohesion amongst team members Employee engagement was found to be correlated with organizational support, meaningful communication by the leaders as well as access to digital tools. The present research points out the linkage between employee flexibility and trust of management in them with higher employee motivation and commitment. Conversely, lack of clear policies and inconsistent communication negatively affect engagement levels.

The conclusion of research highlights the important fact that work environment in hybrid mode offers numerous advantages, but can be successful only with the help of effective implementation strategies, robust technological infrastructure, and employee-centric policies. The suggestions and recommendations of study are worth pondering for organizations to best utilize hybrid work environments and enhance both productivity and engagement.

Green finance & sustainability: The green cess/tax in Uttarakhand

2026-06-14T09:40:11+00:00

Term “green finance” describes financial agreements designed specifically to be used for initiatives that address the effects of climate change on environment or embrace sustainable practices. Increasing funding for SD projects from public, private, and nonprofit sectors through banking, microcredit, insurance, and investment is the aim. In order to guide financial practices to support the accomplishment of the SDG’s, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) has been working with different countries, financial regulators, and that finance industry to align financial systems with the 2030 SD Agenda. "Green finance" encompasses vast range of financial services and products, which can be broadly categorized into banking, investment, and insurance products. Including green bonds, climate risk insurance, green investment funds, and green-tagged loans. Further, the world has seen tremendous profitable growth and industrialization. While trade and jobs have served from this, the terrain has suffered as result. In a nation similar as India, it's essential to apply a legal frame that imposes charge on carbon emigrations in situations where environmental legislation is ineffective, people and businesses substantially calculate on fossil energies and other non-sustainable technology. making legislation that charges carbon emigrations and offers impulses and subventions for use of green technology is vital. also, this would encourage businesses to invest in green technology. This would make it easier for government to apply laws that guarantee sustainable development. In future, green and clean technologies can be used in government and commercial sector initiatives instead of pollutants. These actions would significantly lower the nation's carbon emissions.

The role of satire in literature for a social reform

2026-06-14T09:56:42+00:00

This research paper covers those areas of English Literature where Satire has become the prominent feature and amazing tool to reveal hypocrisy profound in society in order to look for a change. Different prominent writers like John Dryden, Alexender Pope, George Bernard Shaw, Jonathan Swift, Earnest Hamingway and moreover have used satire in their literary contribution with the purpose to have its tremendous value in the society. Satire is developed in all different kinds of English literature like Poetry, Drama, Novel and Prose Writings and the classical work of criticism. Attempts have been made to focus on the truth that from Geoffery Chaucer’s time in 14th century who is known as the “Father Of English Satire” to till date, satire has been accepted, developed and appreciated by many important writers, poets, novelists and dramatists. In addition to that, this paper also explores here how and where different good satirists play the role of critics whose aim is to reform or correct human weaknesses, vices or follies and they have used satire as a sharp weapon which they use for their purposes is that of laughter. Their aim is to laugh at human folly, hypocrisy, vanity etc. and so to scorn it into shame. They rarely attack directly but clothes their attack in different forms like allegory, fable, mock heroic, parody or burlesque. It also reveals those circumstances that motivated them to use of satires in their famous literary works. There are many remarkable extents of satire in Geoffery Chaucer’s “The Canterbury Tales” where he satirizes human weaknesses through a diverse cast of characters and their tales. Another example of Alexender Pope’s “The Rape Of Lock”. It is a mock epic. It is a mocking poem to which Pope mocks not only at the ‘little unguarded follies’ of the fair sex, but at the artificial life of 18th century London as a whole. The aim of the article is to throw light on the concept of use of satire in English literature by many scholars and to explore the author’s views that the function of literature is not merely entertain but also to reform the contemporary society.

Conceptualizing developed India 2047: A strategic framework for long-term national transformation

2026-06-14T10:06:28+00:00

The vision of a developed India by 2047, marking one hundred years of independence, encompasses within it both possibilities and challenges. Although nearly two decades remain to achieve this objective, if efforts during this period are not implemented in a systematic and organized manner, this vision may, like earlier aspirations, remain merely an unrealized dream. The attainment of any long-term objective requires, first and foremost, careful attention to the fundamental points upon which it is based. At the core of this concept lie four foundational pillars, each of which is significant; however, they must be carried forward collectively and in coordination. In the process of planning for goal attainment, certain deficiencies often emerge. The pace of technological transformation, in particular, is rapidly reshaping economic, social, political, cultural, and global conditions. With the advent of artificial intelligence, this accelerated transformation is evident and requires no further justification. While determining goals, it is essential that they be clear, attainable, and flexible enough to incorporate changes necessitated by evolving circumstances. As we stand at the present juncture contemplating the future, we must also recognize the distinction between those who envision the dream and those who may witness its realization. The current generation that dreams of this transformation may not necessarily see its full materialization; however, this does not diminish their responsibility to contribute. The realization of this vision demands greater dedication from the present generation so that future generations may acknowledge and appreciate these efforts.

Simultaneously, persistent issues such as poverty, education, healthcare, and the condition of farmers continue to challenge the trajectory of progress, raising questions about earlier initiatives. Past efforts should not be dismissed outright; rather, they should be evaluated critically, acknowledging their shortcomings and strengthening the latent possibilities for advancement. Any plan, regardless of how well it is articulated on paper, yields no benefit unless it assumes concrete form. Policymakers and implementers must understand and respect each other’s perspectives. Unless a positive and progressive mindset permeates all stakeholders, policies will fail to reach their intended objectives.

By adopting a prudent and farsighted approach, emerging challenges can be identified in a timely manner and addressed effectively. Long-term objectives should be conceptualized through the achievement of successive short-term goals. Just as a long journey is incomplete without intermediate milestones, it is necessary to pause, reflect, and rectify deficiencies at each stage. While pride in national capabilities is justified, awareness of limitations is equally essential. Ignoring shortcomings cannot lead to progress. Change in mindset must not be superficial but genuinely oriented toward goal attainment. A structured managerial approach can effectively and efficiently guide the realization of defined objectives. Through coordinated efforts across diverse sectors, the goal of a developed India by 2047 can be achieved in a phased and systematic manner.

Majoritarian mobocracy, higher education and Vikasit Bharat 2047

2026-06-14T10:18:50+00:00

‘Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely’ (Lord Acton,1877). This dictum makes it mandatory for a democracy to support critical reasoning and scientific temperament to protect it from becoming a majoritarian mobocracy. Cultural majoritarianism across the globe display common tendencies. Identification of a cultural enemy, mostly hatred towards migrants or minority religious groups as a cultural unifying force, setting a narrative and spread the same and curb all other narratives through all possible means to remain in power, and a national cultural pride, claiming to be a world power, super power etc have been at the centre of majoritarian mobocracies in general. German Nazism, Italian fascism and almost everywhere one can easily observe those characteristics. Once in power majoritarain mobocracies tend to convert all institutions of scientific reasoning and critical thinking, including academic institutions to function as cultural propagandists. Academic institutions, specifically higher educational institutions by the production and dissemination of scientific and critical knowledge transforms individuals to become scientific tempered, critical thinkers and to act as public intellectuals by which citizens in particular and nation in general becomes capable of facing future socio-economic challenges. Cultural propagandist education institutions focus on inculcating a national pride of the great past through false narratives which lacks scientific evidences and critical scrutiny. Therefore, any democratic nation that aims to be a developed nation, where citizens enjoy high standards of socio-economic well-being, scientific temperament and critical thinking-based education is the only option. The paper tries to analyze the reports and policy documents of Education commissions and National Education Policies of independent India, to see what extent policy documents incorporate and promote science-based education or retard the educational institutions to function as cultural propagandists. Cultural propagandist institutions are antithetical to socio-economic development of the nation.

Educational interest of minority boys and girls in Balrampur district

2026-06-14T10:37:40+00:00

The educational interest of children is a cornerstone of social development. It is not merely a means of knowledge transfer, but a powerful tool for the social, economic, and cultural empowerment of individuals. In a diverse country like India, the educational interest of children becomes even more important, especially in the context of minority communities. Balrampur district, considered a backward region of Uttar Pradesh, still faces many challenges regarding the educational status of minority communities. The educational pursuits of boys and girls are the backbone of any society, and for Balrampur's minority community, they can become a powerful tool for self-reliance, equality, and empowerment. The quality of boys and girls' educational pursuits can only be ensured when adequate resources are made available and utilized equitably. If the government, society, and community work together, the dream of "educational interest for all" can be realized, and the minority community of Balrampur can also play an active role in the mainstream of national development. The educational interest of boys and girls is an integral part of the overall development of society.

Impact of e-learning on future-ready skill development among Indian youth

2026-06-14T10:48:34+00:00

The growing integration of digital technologies in education has transformed the process of skill development among Indian youth. In an era characterised by Artificial Intelligence, automation, and Industry 4.0, e-learning has emerged as an important platform for developing future-ready skills and enhancing employability. The present study examines the impact of e-learning on future-ready skill development among Indian youth and evaluates its contribution to workforce preparedness, digital literacy, upskilling, and lifelong learning. The study is descriptive in nature and is based on secondary data collected from government reports, research publications, and policy documents.

The findings reveal that government-supported digital learning initiatives have significantly expanded access to skill development opportunities. According to official data, more than 1.40 crore candidates had been trained or oriented under the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) by December 2023. Similarly, enrolment on the SWAYAM platform increased from approximately 31 lakh learners in 2017 to over 72 lakh learners by the end of 2023, reflecting the growing acceptance of digital learning. In addition, over 2.5 crore learners have enrolled in courses offered through NPTEL, India's largest online learning platform.

The study indicates that e-learning has improved access to industry-relevant knowledge, reduced geographical barriers to education, and enabled continuous upskilling and reskilling. It has also contributed to enhancing employability and supporting lifelong learning among young people. However, challenges such as digital divide, inadequate infrastructure, and varying levels of digital literacy continue to influence learning outcomes. The study concludes that strengthening e-learning ecosystems is essential for building a skilled, adaptable, and future-ready workforce in India.

Youth entrepreneurship as a catalyst for the future of work: an analytical study of employment, skills and innovation

2026-06-14T11:19:48+00:00

From the trends observed, the nature of jobs is changing at a very fast rate with the evolving technology, the process of digitalization, the automation of jobs, and the changing structures of the economy. Employment among the youth has been greatly affected by the changing nature of jobs, such that unemployment is a characteristic of their employment status. In this context, youthful entrepreneurship has become a critical factor in shaping future labor markets. This paper aims to explore the aspect of youthful entrepreneurship and its effect on future labor markets.

The paper is based on existing literature, policy, and secondary data sources concerning youth employment, enterprise, and the emerging trends in the world of work. It provides an analysis pertaining to the role and contribution of young people in promoting jobs, innovation, and economic inclusion in the face of economic uncertainty. The results reveal that youth enterprise is fully in line with the challenges of the future world of work and encourages adaptability, creativity, IT proficiency, and the solving challenges among young people.

In addition, the paper also highlights the major challenges facing young entrepreneurs. These challenges include, among others, limited access to finance, low levels of education and training of entrepreneurs, numerous rules and regulations, insufficient mentorship, and institutional support inadequacy. However, as mentioned above, the potential of youthful entrepreneurship to generate self-employment opportunities and create new employment opportunities is evident, especially with regard to digital and innovative technologies. As can be seen from the research carried out, it is essential to create a favorable policy environment that fosters entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurship ecosystems. Finally, the research concludes that the promotion of youth entrepreneurship does not only create new opportunities for employment but does so in a strategic sense.

Role of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan in strengthening India’s long-term economic growth

2026-06-14T11:29:25+00:00

The Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative has been introduced in India in 2020, also known as Self-reliant India. That is a major economic initiative taken by PM Narendra Modi to build India independently sustainable with global competitiveness. An approach that will shift India towards strengthening domestic capabilities and building a more self-reliant economy. Aatmanirbhar Bharat focuses on Make in India for the world that will reduce the excessive dependence on imports and enhance the competitiveness of Indian industries. This study explores how this initiative has influenced India’s GDP growth trajectory by examining macroeconomic trends before and after its implementation. The study will rely on the secondary data from the official national and international sources based on the requirement of the paper. The paper will analyse changes in sectoral performance, particularly in Manufacturing, MSME and Agriculture. The findings will show that policies like Production linked incentive schemes, supports small businesses and increased government investment helped to improve domestic production and created better conditions for economic growth. Although India’s GDP growth has shown improvement in recent years, the impact of Aatmanirbhar Bharat differs across sectors and regions but it needed to check on various timelines about the progress of such schemes to measure the impact of it.
The study concludes that the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan has made a distinguishable contribution in strengthening India’s domestic production capacity and reduced the reliability on imports. The initiative has supported the expansion of manufacturing, encouraged investment, and provided much needed assistance to MSMEs, which together form the backbone of India’s economy. However, the impact of the initiative has not been uniform across all sectors. To ensure that Aatmanirbhar Bharat leads to a sustained and higher GDP growth trajectory, consistent policy implementation, technological upgradation, skill development, and stronger export competitiveness are essential.

From IT labourer to foundational architect: an IKS-driven pedagogical framework for computer science & applications in India

2026-06-14T11:40:28+00:00

The current landscape of Indian IT education is facing a crisis of 'Mechanical Reductionism'. Graduates are often trained as 'IT Labourers' skilled in syntax but deficient in foundational logic and mental resilience. This paper proposes a transformative framework based on Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS). By integrating Paninian Grammar (Linguistic Logic), Nyaya Philosophy (Cognitive Inference), and the 'Drashta' (Observer) paradigm, we aim to shift the educational goal from mere employability to 'Foundational Thought Leadership'. This model not only addresses technical skill gaps but also provides a psychological 'Circuit Breaker' for the systemic burnout prevalent in modern corporate culture.

India’s role in global financial stability: From G20 presidency to Viksit Bharat@2047

2026-06-14T13:16:44+00:00

The presidency of India in the year 2023 in the G20 is an important achievement in the journey of India becoming a stabilizer in global finance. In this paper, a conceptual review has been made based on India’s involvement in global financial stability in terms of its tenure in the G20 and its vision of Viksit Bharat@2047. India’s emphasis on the issues of debt transparency, climate finance, and multilateralism has been noted in this paper along with its innovations related to digital public infrastructure, like UPI and CBDC.

Further, the paper delves into the incorporation of ESG norms in the Indian capital market, where sustainable finance and green bonds are considered key means of achieving a balance between development and environmental considerations. Ethical governance, technological advancement, and inclusiveness are combined to make India a normative reference point in an increasingly multipolar financial structure. It is made clear how India’s role in building consensus and safety nets in the region can lead to systemic resilience in the context of climatic shocks, geopolitical instability, and disruptive technologies. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the realization of Viksit Bharat@2047 depends on finding a balance between developmental needs and international responsibilities, which transforms the notion of financial stability from a national priority to a global common good.

A study of the attitudes and perceptions of youth towards entrepreneurship

2026-06-15T11:53:26+00:00

Youth entrepreneurship has emerged as an important area of discussion in India’s development process due to its potential to generate employment, promote innovation, and contribute to economic growth. The present study examines the attitudes and perceptions of youth towards entrepreneurship and analyses the factors influencing their entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship is increasingly being recognised as an effective means of creating livelihood opportunities, reducing poverty, enhancing national income, and addressing regional economic disparities. It also contributes to balanced development by reducing excessive migration from rural areas to urban centres. The study explores various factors that shape entrepreneurial attitudes among youth, including demographic, social, psychological, educational, technological, and environmental influences. It further examines the role of government initiatives, particularly Startup India, in encouraging young individuals to consider entrepreneurship as a viable career option. The research is descriptive in nature and is based on secondary data collected from research journals, government reports, newspapers, and relevant online sources.

The findings indicate that educational attainment, family background, access to finance, technological support, motivation, and favourable government policies significantly influence entrepreneurial aspirations among young people. The study also reveals that entrepreneurship contributes to economic development through employment generation, innovation, increased competitiveness, and greater participation of socially and economically disadvantaged groups. The paper concludes that fostering a positive entrepreneurial mindset among youth is essential for sustainable economic development. It recommends strengthening policy support, entrepreneurial education, skill development programmes, mentorship, and financial assistance to promote entrepreneurship among India’s youth.

Nature-based solutions and digital management for Viksit Bharat @2047: Reimagining Himalayan tourism, education, and climate-resilient livelihoods

2026-06-15T12:22:10+00:00

The Viksit Bharat@2047 is an outline for India's vision. It outlines the need for economically sound, socially equitable, and ecologically sustainable ways to develop the economy in the future. Although the Himalayan Region is ecologically sensitive, its potential to create sustainable tourism, jobs based on forestry and education will become more pronounced. The future of the environment is in danger due to climate change, the lack of regulation of tourism, the degradation of the ecosystem and the lack of digital integration. The purpose of this article is to show how forestry-based Nature's Based Solutions (NbS) combined with digital management can be a way for the Himalayan Region to develop in a sustainable way that meets both its development needs and its National Sustainability Goals. This paper will analyse policy data with respect to global best practices; and conceptual synthesis, and will cover how the conservation of forests, restoration of waterways and landscape planning can be done jointly with digital tools such as geospatial, data and virtual learning technologies. The emphasis is placed on sustainable tourism and Sustainable Development Education as two of the main drivers behind the development of inclusive economies that are supported by resilient forest ecosystems. Eco-tourism, wellness tourism and community-based tourism, guided by NbS principles associated with forestry as well as supported through Digital Governance, can create livelihoods that are climate-resilient while conserving natural capital. Higher education institutions located within the Himalayan region can also serve as knowledge centres through the embedding of forestry, sustainability and digital skills into their curricula establishing alignment between their programs and the National Education Policy 2020. To this end, this study has proposed an integrated Ecology – Technology – Education framework that will provide direction for policy and practice toward 2047.

National education policy 2020 and skill development: A child rights and social policy perspective

2026-06-15T12:39:55+00:00

National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 became one of the key public policy changes that introduced the reform of the quality of the education system and the development of skills in Indian children. The research analyzed the NEP 2020 in terms of child rights and social policy and attempted to comprehend how the policy has contributed to inclusive, equitable, and skill-oriented education. The emphasis on this policy was considered critical as the prospect of education and skills formation will be critical towards future opportunities and social ladder of children who will have to live in a country characterized by high levels of social and regional inequalities. It was a qualitative research study, which is based on all secondary data. As the primary source, the document analysis of National Education Policy 2020 was used, and the sources such as the government reports, policy documents, and academic literature on education reform and child development in India were reviewed. These aspects of the analysis focused on curriculum changes, pre-vocational education, and flexible learning routes, and institutional supportive mechanisms. The results showed that NEP 2020 gave more focus to child-centered education through encouraging experiential learning, exposure to skills at an early age, and incorporation of vocational education into the school system. Such measures can improve the learning results and equip the children with higher education and employment. Nevertheless, issues like the lack of trained teachers, digital inequality, and unequal capacity of states may become obstacles to successful implementation. The research has concluded that NEP 2020 offers a strong policy framework but its success will depend on the success of good governance, funding, and implementation.

Integrating yoga and meditation into the school curriculum: A comprehensive review

2026-06-15T13:16:54+00:00

This study systematically examines the role of yoga and meditation in school education with a focus on student well-being, cognitive development, and social-emotional learning. A structured review approach was adopted using defined inclusion criteria and recent peer-reviewed literature. Findings indicate consistent improvements in attention, emotional regulation, classroom behavior, and stress reduction, although variability exists across contexts. A conceptual framework is proposed linking mind-body practices with educational outcomes. The paper emphasizes implementation fidelity, teacher training, and cultural neutrality as key success factors.

Integrating indigenous knowledge in the modern era for sustainable living

2026-06-15T13:44:37+00:00

Indigenous Knowledge (IK) comprises the accumulated wisdom, skills, and practices developed by indigenous communities through sustained interaction with their natural surroundings over generations. In the context of increasing environmental degradation, climate change, and unsustainable patterns of development, the relevance of indigenous knowledge in the modern era has gained considerable academic and policy significance. This paper explores the role of indigenous knowledge systems in supporting sustainable living within contemporary societies. Adopting a qualitative and conceptual approach, the study draws upon existing literature, policy reports, to examine how traditional ecological practices, local resource management methods, and community-based value systems can meaningfully complement modern scientific and technological approaches to sustainability. The paper identifies key areas where indigenous knowledge continues to play an important role, including agriculture, biodiversity conservation, water management, health practices, and education. It also discusses the major challenges in integrating indigenous knowledge into mainstream development processes, such as the marginalization of indigenous communities, erosion of traditional practices, inadequate documentation, and limited institutional recognition. The analysis suggests that long-term sustainability cannot be achieved solely through technological solutions and must incorporate culturally grounded and ecologically responsive knowledge systems. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of supportive policies, educational inclusion, community participation, and interdisciplinary research to safeguard indigenous knowledge and apply it effectively toward achieving sustainable living goals.

Women’s employment in India: A systematic review of opportunities and challenges

2026-06-15T14:05:45+00:00

Women’s employment is widely acknowledged as a critical determinant of economic growth, poverty reduction and social empowerment. Despite constituting nearly half of India’s population, women’s participation in the workforce remains comparatively low, particularly in urban areas of northern states such as Uttar Pradesh. The present review paper examines the employment opportunities available to women and the key challenges constraining their participation in the labour market specially in Lucknow district. The study synthesizes existing literature on women’s economic empowerment, skill development initiatives and the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in livelihood promotion. It highlights formal, informal and self-employment opportunities emerging through education, services, micro-enterprises and NGO-led training programmes. Simultaneously, it analyses barriers such as low educational attainment, patriarchal norms, safety concerns, limited mobility, wage disparities and lack of institutional support. The review indicates that NGOs play a crucial role in bridging the gap between women and employment by providing skill training, financial literacy, self-help groups and market linkages. However, structural and socio-cultural challenges continue to restrict sustainable employment outcomes. The paper concludes with policy suggestions aimed at strengthening institutional collaboration, enhancing skill-based training and promoting inclusive employment opportunities for women.

Traditional health knowledge system in Garhwal Himalayas: Role of women in reservation and transmission of medicinal plants

2026-06-15T14:50:11+00:00

The preservation and transmission of traditional knowledge is very important in the present era as covid-19 taught us to prepare for the coming disasters. Change in environment has made us to ponder over the upcoming issues such as global warming and living habits of the human being.

The rural women play a significant role in every nook and corner of the society. To transmit and preserve the traditional knowledge, one should need to apply the same in day-to-day life. The present research paper focuses on various aspects of indigenous knowledge that our forefathers and our ancestors followed. Rural women have rich knowledge of natural world, health related consciousness and other cultural aspects. Women always have been responsible in preserving and transmitting this traditional knowledge which keeps this knowledge alive.

Through this paper, the importance of rural women in preserving the medicinal plants that are available in the Himalayan regions which are still used by them would be discussed. For this paper, a structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents living in this region. It was found that maximum of the women has knowledge about the medicinal herbs and plants available in their locality and they still use them as first-aid methods.